Elbow stiffness can be a pain, literally and metaphorically. If you have a blocked range of motion and there is pain in the elbow, then chances are that you are very concerned. Dive into what elbow stiffness is, the symptoms, and the treatment of elbow stiffness in this post, since forewarned is forearmed in managing and preventing this condition.
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What Is Elbow Stiffness And Common Causes
Elbow stiffness is defined as the reduced ability of your elbow joint to move within its normal range of motion. Many causes, from injuries to some medical conditions, can be resultant factors. Understanding the root cause is crucial in effectively treating and preventing the same.
Fractures or breaks in the bones in your elbow can cause stiffness during the healing process and beyond if the joint doesn't heal in the proper alignment. Dislocations, where the bones in the elbow are pushed out of place, tend to cause stiffness, particularly when the joint has been realigned. Also, sprains and strains of the ligaments and muscles around the elbow may severely limit your range of motion.
Another common cause of stiffness in the elbow are various forms of arthritis. One of the forms is osteoarthritis, an age-related type that usually means wear and tear of the elbow joints, causing stiffness and pain, particularly if the cartilage that makes the joint cushion gets worn. Another autoimmune condition that can cause swelling in the joints is rheumatoid arthritis, which can make the elbow stiff and painful.
Some other conditions caused by inflammation that may result in an aching, stiff elbow include bursitis and tendinitis. Bursitis is the inflammation of the bursae, which are little fluid sacs acting as cushions for the elbow joint. Tendinitis is due to overuse or repetitive motions in articulation and is characterized by inflammation of the tendons around the elbow.
Overuse of the elbow, either through activities such as heavy lifting or repetitive motions, can lead quite slowly to stiffness. This condition is common among athletes, manual workers, and even people not doing heavy tasks but with tasks like typing or gardening being repetitive. Postoperative stiffness is another issue in which scarring and inflammation following an elbow surgery may bind the elbow and be a source of pain.
Symptoms to Watch For
Elbow stiffness is usually accompanied by some other symptoms that can provide a clue about the underlying cause. Pain or soreness in the elbow is common, especially with attempted joint motion. Swelling, redness, or warmth around the elbow may be present, which suggests inflammation or infection. Some people experience a grinding or popping sensation when they move their elbows. This may indicate cartilage damage or loose fragments in the joint. Numbness or tingling may be a sign of nerve involvement, which is especially concerning if persistent.
Diagnosis of Elbow Stiffness
Elbow healthcare professionals generally diagnose the causes of elbow stiffness on a physical examination. They will look closer at the range of motion from the pivotal joint, pain, and any observable swelling and deformity. Imaging tests that include X-rays, MRIs, or CTs provide views of detailed bone and soft tissue structures in your elbow toward the identification of fractures, dislocations, or arthritis. Blood tests may be done to look at signs of inflammation or autoimmune conditions contributing to your stiffness.
Commonly and Effectively Used Treatments for Elbow Stiffness
Treatment of elbow stiffness depends on the presenting cause, while they are mainly the common and effective ones listed below:
Rest and Immobilisation:
This is often also the first step in the treatment plan for stiffness in the elbow. Using a brace or sling to assist in maintaining the elbow at its neutral position may help in reducing strain and allowing inflammation to subside. Immobilisation is crucial following injury or surgery to limit further damage and promote appropriate healing.
Physical therapy:
There is a fundamental aspect to restoring mobility and strength around the elbow, and that is physical therapy. The therapist takes you through exercises that gradually increase your motion and strengthen the muscles around the joint. The exercises also facilitate the breaking down of scar tissue and the general improvement of joint function.
Treatments:
Analgesics: Over-the-counter analgesics like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be used to relieve pain and decrease inflammation.
NSAIDs: NSAIDs are very good for reducing swelling and pain. They can be bought over the counter or prescribed by your healthcare provider in higher doses.
Corticosteroid Injections: If the oral medication prescribed is not adequate, corticosteroid injections may be administered by your healthcare giver directly into your elbow joint. Such injections offer relief from inflammation to a large extent and also from pain, helping the sufferer to restore mobility more quickly. The procedure of corticosteroid injections is usually carried out to treat intense inflammation in the elbow joint. What they do is introduce intense anti-inflammatory medication into the affected area, thus providing quick relief in both pain and swelling. They are used chiefly if other treatments just haven't taken effect.
Surgery: On more solemn occasions, surgery might be the only option. Procedural techniques, like arthroscopy, allow a surgeon to remove scar tissue, repair whatever structure is injured, or address an issue deep inside, like lost bone fragments. Once surgery has been performed, physical therapy is required to set up conditions for healing best and to prevent the formation of scar tissue.
Preventing Elbow Stiffness
Prevention is always better than cure. Proper technique in all activities, from weightlifting to sports play and performing repetitive job tasks, helps avoid elbow stiffness. Taking breaks from repetitive tasks may also help prevent overuse injuries, and exercising regularly keeps joints healthy and able to move. Wearing protective gear during sports or heavy labour also prevents injuries that cause stiffness.
When to See Someone About Your Elbow Stiffness
If your elbow stiffness is accompanied by intense pain, swelling, or an inability to move your elbow, then it's high time you consult a doctor for professional medical advice. Early treatment helps prevent further complications and makes your recovery much smoother. Symptoms that are persistent or worsen after a couple of days may be a sign of a more serious underlying condition and should not be left untreated.
Popular FAQs
Q: Can elbow stiffness resolve itself?
A: Mild stiffness will sometimes be alleviated by rest and self-care, but ongoing stiffness should be professionally checked.
Q: Are there any home treatments for elbow stiffness?
A: Use a cold or warm compress, stretching, or OTC painkillers to help relieve symptoms.
Q : Can I exercise if I have elbow stiffness?
A: Varies in both seriousness and aetiology. Low-stress activities and exercise levels consistent with those suggested by a PT are safe in general.
Elbow stiffness can slow you down, but with a bit of thought and attention, it's possible to control this and prevent it from happening. Knowing the causes and treatments is the first step back to full mobility and a pain-free life. Remember to consult with a professional if your symptoms were to continue or worsen. With a bit of awareness and prevention, your elbows can remain healthy without any of the pain caused by stiffness.
If you're based in Dorset and experiencing ongoing elbow stiffness and not sure what to do next, you can book an appointment to see me for an initial consultation at one of my private clinics in Dorset (Dorchester, Poole, Bournemouth). Get in touch with my friendly and knowledgeable team today to get back to doing the things you love.
Mr Matthew Barrett
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
MBBCh, MRCS, FRCS (Tr & Orth)
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